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- $Unique_ID{BRK03205}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{lithium}
- $Subject{Cibalith-S Ciba Eskalith CR Smith Kline French Lithane Miles
- Pharmaceutical carbonate citrate Lithobid Ciba Lithonate Lithotabs Reid-Rowell
- Antimanic mood stabilizer lithium manic-depressive illness manic excited
- depression unstable emotions central nervous system}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{
- Eskalith*0320501.scf
- Lithobid*0320502.scf}
-
- Copyright (C) 1993 Publications International, Ltd.
-
-
- lithium
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- BRAND NAMES (Manufacturers)
-
- Cibalith-S (Ciba)
- Eskalith (Smith Kline & French)
- Eskalith CR (Smith Kline & French)
- Lithane (Miles Pharmaceutical)
- lithium carbonate (various manufacturers)
- lithium citrate (various manufacturers)
- Lithobid (Ciba)
- Lithonate (Reid-Rowell)
- Lithotabs (Reid-Rowell)
-
- TYPE OF DRUG
-
- Antimanic (mood stabilizer)
-
- INGREDIENT
-
- lithium
-
- DOSAGE FORMS
-
- Tablets (300 mg)
- Extended-release tablets (300 mg and 450 mg)
- Capsules (150 mg, 300 mg, and 600 mg)
- Syrup (300 mg per 5-ml spoonful, with 0.3% alcohol)
-
- STORAGE
-
- Lithium tablets, capsules, and syrup should be stored at room temperature
- away from heat and direct sunlight. The syrup should not be frozen. Do not
- store the medication in the bathroom cabinet, because moisture may cause the
- breakdown of lithium. Do not keep these medications beyond the expiration
- date.
-
- USES
-
- Lithium is a medication used to treat manic-depressive illness by
- controlling the manic (excited) phase of the illness and by reducing the
- frequency and severity of depression. Manic-depressive patients often
- experience unstable emotions ranging from excitement to hostility to
- depression. The mechanism of the mood-stabilizing effect of lithium is
- unknown, but it appears to work on the central nervous system to control
- emotions.
-
- TREATMENT
-
- Lithium should be taken exactly as directed by your doctor. The
- effectiveness of this medication depends upon the amount of lithium in your
- bloodstream. Therefore, the medication should be taken every day at regularly
- spaced intervals in order to keep a constant amount of lithium in your
- bloodstream.
- The syrup form must be measured carefully with a specially designed 5-ml
- measuring spoon. An ordinary kitchen teaspoon is not accurate enough.
- If you miss a dose of this medication, take it as soon as possible.
- However, if it is within two hours (six hours for extended-release tablets) of
- your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and return to your regular
- schedule. Do not take more than one dose at a time.
- If you are taking the long-acting or slow-release form of lithium,
- swallow the tablet or capsule whole. Do not break, crush, or chew before
- swallowing.
- An improvement in your condition may not be observed for up to several
- weeks after you start to take this drug.
-
- SIDE EFFECTS
-
- Minor.
-
- Acne, bloating, diarrhea, drowsiness, increased frequency of urination,
- increased thirst, nausea, trembling of the hands, weight gain, or weakness or
- tiredness. These side effects should disappear as your body adjusts to this
- medication.
-
- Major.
-
- Blurred vision, clumsiness, confusion, convulsions, difficulty in
- breathing, dizziness, fainting, palpitations, severe trembling, and slurred
- speech are possible effects of too much drug in the bloodstream. Dry, rough
- skin; hair loss; hoarseness; swelling of the feet or lower legs; swelling of
- the neck; unusual sensitivity to the cold; unusual tiredness; or unusual
- weight gain may be the result of low thyroid function caused by the
- medication. CHECK WITH YOUR DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY if any of these side effects
- appear.
-
- INTERACTIONS
-
- Lithium interacts with a number of other types of medications:
- 1. Aminophylline, caffeine, verapamil, acetazolamide, sodium bicarbonate,
- dyphylline, oxtriphylline, and theophylline can increase the elimination of
- lithium from the body, thus decreasing its effectiveness.
- 2. Diuretics (water pills), especially hydrochlorothiazide,
- chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide
- combination, and furosemide may cause lithium toxicity by delaying the body's
- lithium elimination.
- 3. Captopril, chlorpromazine and other phenothiazine tranquilizers,
- ibuprofen, indomethacin, naproxen, and piroxicam can also slow lithium
- elimination.
- 4. Lithium can increase the side effects of haloperidol and other
- medications for mental illness.
- 5. Phenytoin, methyldopa, carbamazepine, and tetracycline can increase
- the side effects of lithium.
- 6. Drinking large amounts of caffeine-containing coffees, teas, or colas
- may reduce the effectiveness of lithium by increasing its elimination from the
- body through the urine.
- BE SURE TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about any medications you are currently
- taking, especially any of those listed above.
-
- WARNINGS
-
- * Tell your doctor about unusual or allergic reactions you have had to
- any medications, especially to lithium.
- * Tell your doctor if you now have or if you have ever had diabetes
- mellitus, epilepsy, heart disease, kidney disease, Parkinson's disease, or
- thyroid disease.
- * Elderly patients may be more sensitive to lithium's side effects.
- * In order to maintain a constant level of lithium in your bloodstream,
- it is important to drink two to three quarts of water or other fluids each day
- and not to change the amount of salt in your diet, unless your doctor
- specifically directs you to do so.
- * The loss of large amounts of body fluid (from prolonged vomiting or
- diarrhea or from heavy sweating due to hot weather, fever, exercise, saunas,
- or hot baths) can result in increased lithium levels in the blood, which can
- lead to an increase in side effects.
- * The toxic dose of lithium is very close to the therapeutic dose, so it
- is extremely important to follow your correct dosing schedule. Diarrhea,
- drowsiness, lack of coordination, muscular weakness, and vomiting may be signs
- of toxicity. If these symptoms occur for any length of time or begin shortly
- after taking a dose, inform your doctor.
- * Lithium is not recommended for use during pregnancy, especially during
- the first three months, because of possible effects on the thyroid and heart
- of the developing fetus. Also, tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding.
- Lithium also passes into breast milk and may cause side effects in the nursing
- infant.
- * If this drug makes you drowsy or dizzy, do not take part in any
- activities that require alertness, such as driving a car or operating
- potentially dangerous machinery.
-
- ----------------
-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-